Fundamental, exploratory and applied research studies in the following main research areas: solar physics: study of structure and activity of the Sun and sunlike stars; physics of solar flares and coronal mass ejections; study of the Sun evolution, structure of solar magnetic fields and coronal plasma; helioseismology; radio emission mechanisms and methods of coronal plasma diagnostics; monitoring of active solar processes as the sources of disturbances in the heliosphere, magnetosphere, ionosphere and the Earth atmosphere; elaboration of new methods and equipment for astrophysics and solar physics research; near-Earth space physics: physics of the magnetosphere, ionosphere and upper atmosphere; study of the magnetosphere–ionosphere–atmosphere–lithosphere relationships; detecting mechanisms of the heliospheric factors influence on near-Earth space and the Earth's atmosphere, study of space weather effects; ionospheric radio wave propagation and radiophysical remote sensing methods; elaboration of new methods and equipment for diagnostics and monitoring of the environment (magnetosphere, ionosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere) and active impact on it; problems of asteroid and comet impact hazards and space ecology: development of optical and radio-physical methods in the fields of asteroid and comet impact hazards, space anthropogenic pollution and ecology; monitoring of space debris and condition of spacecrafts and stations; analysis and forecast of state of the Earth's climate system: elaboration and enhancement of models of climate change physical mechanisms, solar activity taken into account; factors forming weather and climate; influence of heliosphere and geosphere factors on atmosphere and stratosphere-troposphere exchange.